Phonics in addition to Reading: Key Concept
· Phonics?
Phon-ics
/’faniks’/
Noun:
o The human relationship between letters in addition to sounds,
o Phonics is ane method of didactics children how to read. Children are taught how to "sound out" novel words past times learning the next items:
· Phonemes:
Pho-nime
/’fonem/
Noun=Phonetics
Plural noun: phonemes
o Phonemic cognizance is the capability to hear, recognize, in addition to locomote private sounds-
o any of the perceptually dissimilar units of audio inward a identified linguistic communication that differentiate ane discussion from another, for instance p, b, d, in addition to t inward the English linguistic communication words pad, pat, bad, in addition to bat.
o Words are prepared upwardly from little units of audio called phonemes.
o There are 44 phonemes inward English
o The 2 major phoneme categories are vowels in addition to consonants.
· Consonants sound:
o All the letters inward the alphabet except a, e, i, o in addition to u (called vowels) are identified every bit consonants.
o Consonant letters sounds: b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z
o Blend sounds: br, cr, dr, fr, gr, pr, tr, wr, bl, cl, fl, gl, pl, sl, scr, str, sm, sn, sp, sc, sk,
o A consonant is a talking audio that is non a vowel. It also denotes to letters of the alphabet that correspond those sounds: z, b, t, g in addition to h are all consonants. Consonants are all the non-vowel sounds, or their matching letters: a, e, I, o in addition to u sometimes Y is non consonants. In hat, h in addition to t are consonants.
o The 21 consonant letters inward the English linguistic communication alphabet are b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, x, z, in addition to mostly w in addition to y.
o A consonant is a missive of the alphabet of the alphabet which represents a rudimentary spoken language audio produced past times blocking the breath inward the song tract. For example:
§ T is pronounced consuming the natural language (front part)
§ K is pronounced consuming the natural language (back part)
§ B is pronounced past times the lips
§ H is pronounced inward the throat
§ F is pronounced past times pushing air through a narrow gap
§ M is pronounced using the nasal
· Vowel:
Vow-el
/’vou(a)l/
o vowel sounds are the sounds that give words their volume
o Five of the 26 symbols letters are vowels: a, e, i, o, in addition to u the missive of the alphabet y is from fourth dimension to fourth dimension measured a 6th vowel because it tin audio similar other vowels. Not similar consonants, each of the vowel letters has to a greater extent than than ane sort of audio or tin fifty-fifty live soundless alongside no audio at all.
o In phonics: a vowel is a audio pronounced alongside an opened upwardly song tract, then that the natural language does non chip the lips, teeth, or roof of the mouth, such every bit the English linguistic communication "ah" /ɑː/ or "oh" /oʊ/.
· Short vowel sounds:
o Short vowels sounds are a, e, I, o, u
o Always learn brusque vowel sounds first: a - apple, e - elephant, i- igloo, o - octopus, u - umbrella)
o When at that spot is ane vowel inward a word, either at the outset or betwixt 2 consonants, it commonly has the brusque vowel sound. "fat, bed, fish, spot, luck".
o Short vowel words that halt inward ‘ck’ such every bit black, suck, knock, duck, ill etc.
o When a vowel is followed past times a consonant, the vowel is brusque such every bit in, it, at, egg, ink, etc.
o When at that spot is exclusively ane vowel inward a discussion in addition to it is anywhere except at the halt of a word, it commonly has a brusque sound.
o When a discussion has a vowel followed past times 2 of the same consonants inward a row (called a double consonant), a brusque audio is used for the vowel.
o When one-syllable words accept a vowel inward the middle, the vowel commonly has a brusque sound. Examples: cat, dog, man, lid etc.
o Some other three-lettered words that are considered brusque vowel words are:
· Short “a” Words
o act, apt, ask, bat, bad, bag, cat, cap, cab, dad, dab, Dan, fan, fat, fad, gap, gab, gal, gas, ham, has, had, hat, jab, jam, lab, lad, lag, lap, man, mad, mat, map, nap, pan, Pam, pad, pal, ran, ram, rag, rat, Sam, sad, sag, sat, sap, tab, tan, tad, tag, tap, van, vat, yam, zap
· Short “e” Words
o Ben, bed, beg, bet, den, fed, gem, get, gel, hen, hem, jet, Ken, keg, led, leg, let, men, met, net, pen, peg, pet, red, set, ten, Ted, vet, yet, wed, wet
· Short “ i” Words
o bin, bid, big, bit, dim, did, dig, dip, fin, fig, fit, gin, gig, him, his, hid, hit, hip, jib, Jim, jig, jip, kin, Kim, kid, kit, lid, lit, lip, nip, pin, pig, pit, rim, rid, rig, rip, sin, sit, sip, tin, tip, win, wit, zip, zit
· Short “o” Words
o bop, con, cod, cog, cot, cop, Don, dog, dot, fog, God, got, hog, hot, jog, jot, lob, log, lot, lop, mob, mom, mop, nod, not, pod, pot, rod, rot, son, sod, ton, Tom, tot, top, won
· Short “u” Words
o bun, bum, bus, bud, bug, but, cud, cut, cup, dug, fun, gun, gum, Gus, gut, hum, hug, hut, jug, jut, lug, mug, nun, nut, pun, pug, pup, rub, run, rum, rug, rut, sub, sun, sum, tug
· Long vowel sounds:
o When a discussion has 2 vowels, mostly the inaugural of all vowel says its refer in addition to the minute vowel is quiet.
§ Such every bit mail, gain, bake, ape, paint, grey, cake, tape, rain, make, hate, sea, tea, reach, hide, bike
o If a discussion has ane vowel in addition to it comes at the halt of the word, that discussion commonly has a long vowel sound. Such every bit he, we, why, me, by, go, she, no, be
o The vowel i in addition to o accept the long vowel audio when tracked past times 2 or to a greater extent than consonants commonly has a long vowel sound. Such every bit child, mind, light, cold, fold, most, post, hold, told
o When a syllable ends inward a soundless "e", the soundless "e" is a betoken that the vowel inward front end of it is long. Examples: "Make gene, kite, rope, in addition to use".
o When a vowel is followed past times an "r" inward the same syllable, that vowel is "r-controlled". It is neither long nor short. "R-controlled "er,ir,and ur" oftentimes audio the same (like "er"). Examples: "term, sir, fir, fur, far, for, su/gar, or/der".
o When at that spot are 2 or to a greater extent than vowels in addition to the discussion ends alongside the vowel 'E', 2 things happen. The ending vowel 'E' is silent, in addition to the vowel that comes earlier it has a long sound.
o When 2 vowel letters are together, the inaugural of all vowel missive of the alphabet has a long audio in addition to the minute vowel missive of the alphabet is silent.
o A vowel is commonly brusque when at that spot is exclusively ane vowel inward a discussion or syllable, every bit inward cat, bed, in addition to hot. However, at that spot are exceptions to this rule, such every bit alongside irregular vowels. There is both a long in addition to brusque audio to “oo”. The brusque audio appears every bit inward the words book, booth, in addition to took.
o Where at that spot is exclusively ane vowel in addition to it comes at the halt of the word, it commonly has a long sound. Such every bit he, she etc.
o When 'O' is a double vowel, it makes dissimilar sounds. Such every bit book, took etc. are long sounds.
With the long “A” sound | |||
face | fatal | Alien | Brave |
Graze | Hesitate | Inflate | Name |
Place | Rate | State | Vibrate |
Acorn | Flaky | Game | Change |
With the long “AI” sound | |||
Aid | Bail | Bait | Chain |
Braid | Drain | Fail | Frail |
Gait | Hail | Jail | Maintain |
Maid | Nail | Plain | Quail |
Raid | Sail | Sprain | Strait |
Nail | Trait | Wait | vain |
With the long “AY” sound | |||
Day | Away | Always | Betray |
Clay | Lay | May | Pay |
Say | Stray | Slay | Spray |
Sway | Tray | Way | Stay |
With the long “E” sound | |||
Be | Me | She | Even |
These | Complete | We | He |
· Vowels pairs:
o A vowel twain is 2 vowel letters together, that brand only ane sound. For example, inward the words “each” in addition to “fear” the [ea] makes only ane vowel sound, then this is a vowel pair. However, inward “idea” in addition to “create” the [ea] is non a vowel twain – at that spot are 2 vowel sounds, in addition to those 2 sounds are inward dissimilar syllables.
· Vowels blends:
o Vowel digraphs are: ai, au, aw, ay, ea, ee, ei, ew, ie, oa, oo, ou, ow. 10. Initial consonant Blends: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 consonant blend is 2 or to a greater extent than consonants that come upwardly together inward a word. Their sounds blend together, but each audio is heard.
o R controlled vowel sounds: ar, er, ir, or, ur
o Notice that er,ir in addition to ur brand the same sound.
· Digraphs:
di-graph
/’di,graf/
Noun:
o Combination of 2 letters that ane sound, every bit inward ph in addition to ey are called digraphs.
o Digraphs that piece consonant sounds comprise of the missive of the alphabet sets sh, ch, th, wh, ck, ph, ng.
o Digraphs that piece vowel sounds incorporate the missive of the alphabet laid ai, ay, ee, ea, ie, ei, oo, ou. ow, oe, oo, ue, ey, ay, oy, oi, au, aw.
· Trigraphs:
Tri-graph
/’tri-graf/
Noun:
o A trigraph is comprised of iii letters that brand ane sound. for example: In the discussion 'match', the iii letters 'tch' at the halt brand exclusively ane sound.
· Diphthongs:
o Diphthongs are vowel sounds/ semi-vowel sounds that combine 2 split sounds into a unmarried unbroken sound.
o Words having 2 letters together alongside ane vowel in addition to making ane audio are called diphthongs.
o Two mutual dipthongs inward English linguistic communication are /ow/ audio every bit inward the discussion cow, how, now, wow, owl, gown, allow, in addition to the /oy/ audio every bit inward the discussion boy, toy, joy, royal, enjoy.
A consonant blends:
o When nosotros combine 2 or iii consonants that brand consonant cluster words, cluster way group, bunch, or collection. such every bit "bl" or "spl." Consonant digraphs include bl, br, ch, ck, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gh, gl, gr, ng, ph, pl, pr, qu, sc, sh, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, th, tr, tw, wh, wr.
· Hard in addition to Soft audio of “C” in addition to “G”:
o "C" followed past times "e, i or y" commonly has the soft audio of "s". Examples: "cyst", "central", in addition to "city".
o "G" followed past times "e, i or y" commonly has the soft audio of "j". Example: "gem", "gym", in addition to "gist".
o Usually, a c or g audio is difficult or soft depending on the vowel that follows it. Here's the full general rule:
o When c or g meets a, o, or u, its audio is hard.
Cap, cave, colt, comedy, curly, cuddle
Gas, gather, goblet, goddess, gum, gutter
art="" pat="" pay="" peg="" pen="" perceptually="" pet="" ph="" pho-nime="" phoneme="" phonemes.="" phonemes:="" phonemes="" phonemic="" phonics:="" pig="" pin="" pit="" pl="" place="" plain="" plural="" pod="" post="" pot="" pr="" prepared="" produced="" pronounced="" pug="" pun="" pup="" pushing="" q="" qu="" quail="" quiet.="" r-controlled="" r="" rag="" raid="" rain="" ram="" ran="" rat="" rate="" reach="" recognize="" red="" represent="" represents="" rid="" rig="" rim="" rip="" rod="" roof="" rope="" rot="" row="" royal="" rub="" rudimentary="" rug="" rule:="" rule="" rum="" run="" rut="" s="" sad="" sag="" sail="" sam="" same="" sap="" sat="" say="" says="" sc="" scr="" sea="" second="" semi-vowel="" separate="" set="" sets="" sh="" she="" short.="" short="" sick="" signal="" silent.="" silent="" sin="" single="" sip="" sir="" sit="" sixth="" sk="" sl="" slay="" sm="" small="" sn="" so="" sod="" soft="" some="" sometimes="" son="" sound.="" sound:="" sound="" sounds-="" sounds.="" sounds:="" sounds="" sp="" speech="" spell="" spl.="" spot="" sprain="" spray="" st="" state="" stay="" str="" strait="" stray="" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" su="" sub="" such="" suck="" sum="" sun="" sw="" sway="" syllable="" syllables.="" symbols="" t="" tab="" tad="" tag="" talking="" tan="" tap="" tape="" tch="" tea="" teach="" ted="" teeth="" ten="" term="" th="" than="" that="" the="" their="" there="" these="" things="" this="" those="" three-lettered="" three="" throat="" through="" time="" tin="" tip="" to="" together="" told="" tom="" ton="" tongue="" took.="" took="" top="" tot="" toy="" tr="" tracked="" tract.="" tract="" trait="" tray="" tri-graf="" tri-graph="" trigraph="" trigraphs:="" tug="" tw="" two="" u="" ue="" umbrella="" unbroken="" units="" up="" ur="" use="" used="" using="" usually="" v="" vain="" van="" vat="" vet="" vibrate="" vocal="" volume="" vou="" vow-el="" vowel.="" vowel:="" vowel="" vowels.="" vowels:="" vowels="" w="" wait="" way="" we="" wed="" wet="" wh="" when="" where="" which="" why="" win="" wit="" with="" won="" word.="" word="" words="" wow="" wr.="" wr="" x="" y.="" y="" yam="" yet="" z="" zap="" zip="" zit="">
Buat lebih berguna, kongsi:
0 Response to "Lesson Phonics In Addition To Reading: Cardinal Concept In Addition To Comprehension"
Post a Comment