1. Introduction: According to American Heritage Dictionary a consortium is “a cooperative organisation with groups or institution,” or “an association or society”. According to Oxford English linguistic communication Dictionary, “Consortium way temporary cooperation of a number of powers, companies, etc. for a mutual purpose. It is an association of similar type of organisation / establishment who are engaged for producing together with servicing the mutual things / for providing services for a specific purpose of its users.”
Library consortia is a network for buying together with accessing e-information inwards a cooperative organisation with a grouping of libraries inwards providing instant access to greater resources for the users of the private libraries.
Library consortium is a “community (a cooperative) of ii or to a greater extent than information agencies which convey formally agreed to coordinate, cooperate or consolidate sure as shooting function” to accomplish mutual objectives. It is an association of a grouping of libraries to accomplish mutually the articulation benefits. It provides a way for its members to send occupation organisation inwards a comparative manner.
A library consortium is a strategic alliance of a grouping of libraries with a mutual interest, non nether the same institutional umbrella purchasing electronic resources to provide the best lineament together with quantity of e-resources to their clientele at a lower cost. It helps the private libraries to maximize the accessibility of information, minimize the toll together with duplication without losing the private identity. In 1930s showtime library purchasing consortia originate inwards USA.
2. Need: The limitation inwards finance, infinite together with manpower stresses upon the take away for library consortia. The footstep of IT, changing user’s demand for pinpointed together with exhaustive information, rapidity of users need, information explosion, paucity of the library’s fiscal condition, libraries are opted to adopt co-operative mode to sustain. This results the formation of library consortia at dissimilar levels. Library consortia are needed for the next reasons-
a) To Overcome Financial Constrain: No library tin afford to procure all the documents dealing with their subjects. The library consortia assist the private libraries to extend their buying power.
b) To Deal with Information Exploration: Information is available inwards dissimilar kinds of formats together with is growing rapidly. It is commonly non possible for whatsoever unmarried library to procure all materials that are relevant to its users. This has acquire specially truthful with the literature explosion inwards the recent years.
c) To Modernize: The library network together with consortia is an essential facet of modern library practices.
d) To Achieve More: The basic premise of consortia is that its members tin collectively accomplish to a greater extent than than what they tin accomplish every bit private institutions. The Library consortia users tin convey access to large number of E-journals, e-books, online databases than that of their private capacity every bit a fellow member of 1 detail library.
3. Structure: Library consortia may vary from existence decentralized to highly centralize inwards nature. The aeroplane of centralization of consortium is the primary gene affecting non alone how fellow member institutions interact with 1 another, but too hold human relationship with external political party (publisher/vendor). More decentralized the consortium, the greater the aeroplane of autonomy each fellow member retains. One of the libraries or agencies or library commission of the consortia industrial plant every bit coordinator for identification of libraries, publisher, negotiation, legal matters, etc.
All consortia used to convey a website where all the subscribed e-journals, e-books, databases, etc are listed out so that the fellow member institute every bit good every bit library users tin navigate together with usage the resources with much ease. The e-journals, e-books or database uses IP authentication or sometimes provide user Id together with password to the fellow member establishment so that they tin access the resources with much ease.
4. Benefit of Consortia: Consortia volition give the library together with too the user extended access- that is, amend service for reduced costs. The advantages of having consortia are every bit follows:
a) Reduced Information Cost: Many libraries currently subscribe alone to those journals that they tin afford. Though interested inwards other journals all the same they cannot afford to provide access to them. Consortia approach helps them to provide the access yesteryear getting deep discounts through articulation pricing negotiations – thence lower unit of measurement toll of information.
b) Access to More Resources than the Capabilities: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 number of publishers offering consortia. If the library’s purchase might is large plenty they provide access to their whole attain of journals – that is, every fellow member of the consortium gets electronic access non alone to the journals currently subscribed to but too to all the journals published inwards the field. Again, consortia assist to acquire access to the cloth otherwise un-subscribed yesteryear the libraries.
c) Promoting the Rational Use of Funds: By forming consortia the purchasing might of the collaborating institutions tin expand the resources availability together with offering automated services. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 Library consortium increases the Cost Benefit Per Subscription.
d) Ensuring Continuous Subscription: The continuous subscription to the periodicals subscribed is ensured inwards library consortia.
e) Providing Document Delivery Service: Inter-libraries loan services volition grow together with it is interlinked with the search of the spousal human relationship catalogues which volition cook effective Document Delivery Service (DDS). Delivery of documents volition endure fast, either electronically through photocopying, fax, courier or e-mail.
f) Solve Space Problem: With subscribed resources accessible online inwards electronic format, the fellow member libraries would convey less pull per unit of measurement area on infinite requirement for storing together with managing print- based library resources.
g) Lower Technical Job: All problems associated with impress media such every bit their vesture together with tear, location, shelving, binding, organizing, etc. would non endure an number for electronic resources nether consortia.
5. Precondition for Consortia: Electronic publishing of scholarly journals, technological developments, pricing models of publishers are unopen to of the factors that do the status for the evolution of the library consortia.
a) Emergence of Electronic Document: The whole globe is moving towards electronic publishing together with the toll of the electronic publishing is much less than that of the impress version. The users tin access to their learned journals article inwards electronic shape from home, business office together with from anywhere inwards between.
b) Technological Development: The availability of depression toll personal computers, telecommunications lines, rootage of National Mission on Education through Information together with Communication Technology (NMEICT), National Knowledge Network (NKN) connectivity envisioned to convey a network. The technological evolution made it possible to portion the resources without losing anything yesteryear the parties who want to portion the resources.
c) Pricing Model of Publisher: The rootage together with evolution of the concept similar Pay-per-view, Pay-per-click, perpetual access (right to ongoing access to electronic materials) are supporting the concept of library consortia.
d) Shifting of User Need: The modern twenty-four hours library user feels happy when they tin access the library cloth when they needed it most. The want to access the information inwards electronic format from anywhere inwards the globe is the precondition for the emergence of the library consortia.
6. Development of Library Consortia inwards India: Library consortia has acquire quite pop inwards Republic of Republic of India together with many intuitions unopen to of which are furnish below has made usage of it.
a) E-Shodh Sindhu: The MHRD on 1st December, 2015 has merged UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium, INDEST-AICTE Consortium together with NLIST Programme into E-Shodh Sindhu. The INFLIBNET Centre has been assigned the responsibleness for execution together with performance of E-Shodh Sindhu. E-Shodh Sindhu provide access to centrally-funded technical institutions, universities together with colleges that are covered nether 12(B) together with 2(f) Sections of the UGC Act.
b) UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium: The UGC-Infonet Digital Library Consortium was formally launched inwards December, 2003 yesteryear Honourable Dr. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 P J Abdul Kalam, the President of Republic of Republic of India shortly subsequently providing the Internet connectivity to the universities inwards the yr 2003 nether the UGC-Infonet programme. The Consortium proved to endure a recipe to academy libraries which convey been discontinuing subscription of scholarly journals because of "Serials Crisis". In the showtime stage that began inwards 2004, access to e-resources was provided to fifty universities who had Internet connectivity nether the UGC-Infonet Connectivity programme of the UGC. In the instant phase, fifty to a greater extent than universities were added to the programme inwards the yr 2005. The programme is wholly funded yesteryear the UGC together with executed yesteryear the INFLIBNET (Information together with Library Network) Centre, Gndhinagar. The UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium is directly no to a greater extent than operational. It has been merged into e-Shodh Sindhu Consortium. The previous website address of UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium was http://www.inflibnet.ac.in/econ/
c) INDEST-AICTE Consortium: The “Indian National Digital Library inwards Engineering Sciences together with Technology (INDEST) Consortium” was fix inwards 2003 yesteryear the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) on the recommendation of an Expert Group appointed yesteryear the Ministry. The IIT Delhi has been designated every bit the Consortium Headquarters to coordinate its activities. The Consortium was re-named every bit INDEST-AICTE Consortium inwards Dec 2005 with the AICTE playing a pivotal role inwards enrolling its approved engineering colleges together with institutions every bit members of the Consortium for selected e-resources at much lower rates of subscription. The Consortium enrols engineering together with technological institutions every bit its members together with subscribe to electronic resources for them at discounted rates of subscription together with favourable price together with conditions. The Ministry provides funds required for subscription to electronic resources for 62 centrally-funded Government institutions including IITs, IISc Bangalore, NITs, ISM, IIITs, IIMs, NITTTR’s together with few other institutions that are considered every bit total members of the Consortium.
Sixty Govt./Govt.-aided engineering colleges are provided access to selected electronic resources with fiscal back upwards from the AICTE together with 102 universities /institutions convey joined the Consortium nether its self-supported category inwards 2012. The total number of members inwards the Consortium has directly grown to 1235 together with all of them acquire access to the consortium through its website (http://paniit.iitd.ac.in/indest/).
d) National Library together with Information Services Infrastructure for Scholarly Content (N-LIST): N-LIST is an first of Ministry of Human Resource Development nether National Mission on Education through ICT to extend e-resources to colleges inwards India. The Project entitled “National Library together with Information Services Infrastructure for Scholarly Content (N-LIST)”, existence jointly executed yesteryear the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium, together with the INDEST-AICTE Consortium. For to a greater extent than information 1 tin consult: http://nlist.inflibnet.ac.in/
The projection has 4 distinct components. The INDEST together with UGC-INFONET are jointly responsible for the next action listed at i) together with ii). The INFLIBNET Centre, Ahmedabad is responsible for activities listed at iii) together with iv).
i) To subscribe together with provide access to selected UGC-INFONET e-resources to technical institutions (IITs, IISc, IISERs together with NITs) together with monitor its usage;
ii) To subscribe together with provide access to selected INDEST e-resources to selected universities together with monitor its usage;
iii) To subscribe together with provide access to selected e-resources to 6,000 Govt./ Govt.-aided colleges together with monitor its usage; together with
iv) To human action every bit a Monitoring Agency for colleges together with evaluate, promote, impart preparation together with monitor all activities involved inwards the procedure of providing effective together with efficient access to e-resources to colleges.
The N-LIST projection provides access to e-resources to students, researchers together with faculty from colleges together with other beneficiary institutions through server(s) installed at the INFLIBNET Centre. More than 6,000 colleges covered nether 2F/12B Act of UGC are eligible to register with N-LIST programme. The colleges that are non covered nether 2F/12B, tin apply for Associate Membership Programme. All members volition endure required to pay Rs. 5,000/ for annual membership.
e) ICMR E-Consortium: Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has been subscribing to the Science AAAS, The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), Lancet, J-Gate Plus together with Nature e-journals inwards a consortia mode to all ICMR institutes. All the scientists tin access these journals from their desktop through the website (http://icmr.nic.in/icmrnews/e_consortia.htm).
f) Health Science Library together with Information Network (HELINET) Consortia: Health Science Library & Information Network (HELINET) consortia conceived yesteryear the Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences (RGUHS) since 2002.The HELINET Consortium was started with a vision to improve the lineament of teaching together with inquiry inwards the colleges affiliated to RGUHS inwards the province of Karnataka through enhanced access to high lineament medical literature. HELINET’s destination is to deliver information to user’s desk-top, with round-the-clock-access. The Consortium has successfully accomplished the occupation of developing an e-journal together with e-book consortium together with a resources sharing model that networks 660+ wellness sciences colleges inwards the province of Karnataka. About 600+ total international e-journals, 2000+ e-books, 1500+ videos together with databases are existence subscribed/ procured together with provided to students together with faculties together with inquiry scholars pursuing their studies inwards diverse faculties of wellness sciences of all the respective affiliated colleges nether RGUHS through its website (http://www.rguhs.ac.in/digitallibrary/userbase.html).
g) National Knowledge Resource Consortium (NKRC): National Knowledge Resource Consortium (NKRC)'s rootage goes dorsum to the yr 2001, when the Council of Scientific together with Industrial Research (CSIR) fix the Electronic Journals Consortium to provide access to 1200 strange journals of Elsevier Science to all its users. The National Knowledge Resource Consortium (NKRC), established inwards yr 2009, is a network of libraries together with information centres of 43 Council of Scientific together with Industrial Research (CSIR) together with 26 Department of Science & Technology (DST) institutes. Today, NKRC facilitates access to 5,000+ e-journals of all major publishers, patents, standards, citation together with bibliographic databases through its website (http://nkrc.niscair.res.in). Apart from licensed resources, NKRC is too a unmarried betoken entity that provides its users with access to a multitude of opened upwards access resources. The Consortium envisions emerging every bit a leader to serve the R&D sector with much needed information to strengthen the inquiry together with evolution scheme inwards the country.
7. Conclusion: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 library consortium is a grouping of libraries who partner to coordinate activities, portion resources, together with combine expertise. There are many benefits for libraries that wishing to do or bring together consortia. Though many convey fees for entry, inwards the terminate the library finds itself saving a neat bargain on funding yesteryear sharing resources with other members of the consortia. Also, inwards a consortia mode, a unmarried library’s collection volition greatly increment much faster than staying solitary.
The library consortium aims to improve the existing organizational infrastructure of the participating libraries inwards price of finance, manpower, equipment, document, together with other library facilities. It improves the effectiveness together with efficiencies of the participating libraries to serve the needs of the user, improves access to resources, widens information coverage together with accelerates the sphere inwards the provide of information, together with helps inwards utilizing the available resources to the optimum level. Consortia volition give the library together with too the user extended access- that is, amend service for reduced costs.
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