1. Introduction: The libraries inward their different phases of growth together with evolution are trying to locomote client focused past times responding to client needs together with abilities. In the days of information technology environment, the libraries are trying to attain the same past times developing their ain website. However, day-by-day the library websites are overburden past times a vast amount of link to external resources equally good equally link to in-house digitize materials. As a result, the users are increasingly institute it hard inward next all the Web site’s enhancements. This province of affairs demands a dynamic restructuring of the library website. The dynamic restructure should locomote such that it should allow the private user to create personal information systems that are responsive to their personal needs. The scheme also must empower the users to locomote a master copy inward their ain dependent past times customizing together with personalizing it. This is what the library Presenting natiOnal Resources to Audiences Locally (portal) is going to achieve. Library portal helps inward providing a unmarried indicate of access to the physical together with electronic resources to the users. The target resources may locomote the subscribed journals or databases, opened upwards access resources on the spider web or in-house digitize resources.
Ideally a portal may provide (a) unmarried indicate of access (searching together with browsing); (b) provision to narrow downwards the search (c) recommendations / related materials (d) reach for user contribution; (e) RSS feeds together with (f) integration amongst social networking sites.
2. Portal: A personal portal is a site on the WWW that typically provides personalized capabilities to its visitors, providing a pathway to other content. It is often necessary to take a centralized application that has access to various other applications within the same enterprise to portion the information across the applications. Also the various users amongst different roles accessing the different applications prefer to take a unmarried access indicate to all of them over the Internet. They similar to personalize the applications together with take the coupled applications coordinated. Above all, the administrator users similar to take administrative tools all inward a unmarried house to administer all the applications. All these are achieved through portals. Since all the applications portion information through portals, in that location is meliorate communication betwixt various types of users. Another wages of portals is that they tin brand event-driven campaigns. The advantages of using portals are given below-
a) Intelligent integration together with access to enterprise content, applications together with processes;
b) Improved communication together with collaboration amidst customers, partners, together with employees;
c) Unified, real-time access to information held inward disparate systems;
d) Personalized user alteration together with maintenance of the website presentation.
In a May 2001 ARL Scholars Portal Working Group Report define portal equally “... a regain tool that enables a user to search across for certain express but various together with distributed websites, library catalogs, together with databases of information resources to retrieve together with integrate the results inward a unmarried presentation.”
The European Library Automation Group (ELAG) 26th Library Systems Seminar on the theme of “Semantic Web together with Libraries”, held inward Rome, Italy, inward Apr 2002 define portal equally “an application which allows one-stop-shop access / searching together with regain via a unified single-point interface to organized heterogeneous resources together with enabling services to a pre-defined community (users).”
“A portal is a spider web site or spider web service that provides information content to serve a specific community” (Sadeh & Walker, 2003, p. 12). They farther add together “A universal aspect of Web portals, however, is that they allow individuals to have news, honour together with speak to i another, build a community, together with honour links to other spider web resources of mutual interest”.
“Web portals, equally content aggregators, provide efficient access to information together with services online: they are electronic gateways or entrances that provide numerous links to other sites together with information that is needed. They provide a fundamental concentrated focal indicate together with an information source that tin locomote personalized. They also allow people to assemble detailed information together with information equally they demand it together with simplify access to information” (O’Murchu, Breslin & Decker, 2004).
Portal way roughly information retrieval services powered past times roughly sort of search engine to encounter the demand of private rather than to general. And the content residing inward portal is mostly hoped to locomote superior to the costless content that are available over the internet. Web portal is a “single point, integrated, multi-channel, user-personalized, user-customizable network site providing access to information, people together with process” (Stoffel & Cunningham: 2005, p. 145).
The Joint Information Systems Committee defines a portal equally “a network service that brings together content from various distributed resources using technologies such equally cross searching, harvesting together with altering, together with collates this inward to an amalgamated shape for preservation via a spider web browser to the user”.
Many portal engines uses complex probability together with linguistic communication analysis principles inward club “to enable computers to extract pregnant from text together with to utilization that pregnant to meliorate categorize together with deliver useful information” (Silberman, 2001). In the background, the portal creates a large database of documents, articles, together with spider web pages based on the actual ideas inward each slice of text. As the database is constructed, it incorporates probability together with information principles to categorize the text content according to conceptual similarities. Examples of early on world spider web portals were iGoogle, My Yahoo! together with so on.
3. Library Portal: Library portal is exclusively a subset of spider web portal that are designed to serve specific academic together with query communities. It acts equally a gateway to the institutional resources (as such portals are also normally called equally gateway) past times listing them for users past times creating a at nowadays link to the native interface of each resource. It is at nowadays considered equally a touchstone interface to aggregate library resources together with services through a unmarried access together with administration indicate for users. According to Looney together with Lyman (2000) library portal are “systems which assemble a diversity of useful information resources into a single, one-stop Web page, helping the user to avoid beingness overwhelmed past times “infoglut” or feeling lost on the Web”.
“A library portal is a database application, accessible from a spider web interface, together with governed past times the principles together with practices of librarianship” (Rozic-Hristovski, Humar & Hristovski, 2003, p. 149). The deviation betwixt a library abode page together with library portal is that “portals are user-centric, spell abode pages are owner-centric” (Rozic-Hristovski, Humar & Hristovski, 2003, p. 146).
In simple, a library portal is a unified single-point access to the personalized resources which are distributed together with various inward nature. Library portal improve communication, collaboration together with empower a library user to develop their communities.
4. History of Portal Products: In the belatedly 1990s, the spider web portal was a hot commodity. After the proliferation of spider web browsers inward the mid-1990s, many companies tried to build or acquire a portal, to take a slice of the Internet market. The spider web portal gained special attending because it was, for many users, the starting indicate of their spider web browser. Netscape became a component of America Online, the Walt Disney Company launched Go.com, together with Excite together with @Home became a component of Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 T & T during the belatedly 1990s. Lycos was said to locomote a proficient target for other media companies such equally CBS.
Many of the portals started initially equally either spider web directories (notably Yahoo!) and/or search engines (Excite, Lycos, AltaVista, infoseek, Hotbot amidst the old ones). Expanding services was a strategy to secure the user-base together with lengthen the fourth dimension a user stayed on the portal. Services which require user registration such equally costless email, customization features, together with chat rooms were considered to get upwards repeat utilization of the portal. Game, chat, Email, news, together with other services also tend to brand users remain longer, thereby increasing the advertising revenue.
The portal craze, amongst old media companies racing to outbid each other for Internet properties, died downwards amongst the “.com” flameout inward 2000 together with 2001. Disney pulled the plug on Go.com, Excite went bankrupt together with its remains were sold to iWon.com. Some notable portal sites- Yahoo!, for representative - remain successful to this day. To modern .com businesses, the portal craze serves equally a cautionary tale most the risks of rushing into a marketplace crowded amongst highly-capitalized but largely undifferentiated me-too companies.
First of all Herbert Van de Sompel together with Patrick Hochstenback of University of Ghent together amongst their colleague, Oren Beit-Arie from ExLibris developed contextual linking to the indicate where it has locomote an international touchstone (as described past times Stubbings inward 2003). This tin locomote considering equally the outset of portal movement.
Java inward Administration Special Interest Group [Jasig inward those days], a grouping of higher pedagogy applied scientific discipline leaders decided to explore the possibility that higher pedagogy could build a campus portal themselves, portion it freely amongst anyone who cared to download it, base of operations the applied scientific discipline on opened upwards standards, without proprietary vendor lock-in, and, at to the lowest degree inward this domain, command their ain software destiny. Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 substance framework from vendor IBS started the squad off. Soon afterwards, a three-year grant from the Andrew W. Mellon foundation, from 2001 to 2003, resulted inward uPortal versions 1 together with 2. Mellon afterward made additional funds available so that uPortal could back upwards the emerging “portlet” touchstone for sharing portal content. By the fourth dimension of the uPortal 2.5 release, hundreds of institutions, most one-half inward the USA together with one-half inward Canada together with Europe, had uPortal inward production or inward a stage leading upwards to total implementation. The JA-SIG community, led past times schools such equally Rutgers University, Yale, together with the University of Wisconsin-Madison, formed a substance of developers that continues to develop the application to encounter evolving needs. In Dec 2012, Jasig together with Sakai Foundation were consolidated equally Apereo Foundation.
5. Need of a Portal Product: Van Brakel (2003) argues that “the average companionship Web site has reached its limitations together with cannot address the modern 24-hour interval demands of the digitally literate employee”. “The availability of “too much” information without organisation of access, is leading academic libraries together with information professionals to acquire portal software and/or develop dependent portals for all the academic departments inward their institutions” (Ubogu, Kekana & Roberts, 2006, p.30). The library portal “systems tin greet the user past times name, recall their favourite information resources, store previous searches, link to total text articles from periodical databases and, when content is non available, link to the OPAC together with allow the users to asking interlibrary loans” (Ramsden, 2003, p.17). The demand of portal production tin locomote felt for the next reasons.
a) Single Interface: The Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC) has been express to searching physical texts together with sometimes digital copies but has exclusively express special features. The electronic resources subscribed past times the libraries take their ain default search engines. Again, the different electronic resources provide different search together with retrieval interface to the user for accessing its resources together with equally a outcome “the electrical flow procedure of accessing several resources for the sake of seeking information is cumbersome together with requires roughly cognition of the various resources, their access mechanisms, the query interface they provide, together with the type of results they return” (Sadeh & Walker, 2003, p.11). The scheme also requires a manual comparing betwixt the results returned from several resources. To locate together with honour useful stuff a user at whatever indicate demand to locomote through all these which is a fourth dimension consuming together with cumbersome job. So, the library needs to provide an interface that tin provide the facilities to search physical equally good equally subscribed digital resources together. The library portal is the solution to this problem. It volition provide a unmarried indicate of access along amongst a spider web based OPAC to all subscribed total text mag together with databases, of import OA resources over internet, resources accessible past times virtue of institutional affiliation, etc. that is “the familiar portal interface is an choice for searching databases that are unfamiliar to the user” (Cox, 2003, p. 38).
b) Single Log In: “Users tin locomote overwhelmed past times the number of resources together with the occupation of multiple log-ins together with search interfaces inward an online library environment” (Ramsden, 2003, p.17) that demand to locomote eliminated amongst a unmarried log inward for all resources. When user searches amongst multiple databases, they often locomote annoying of demotivating multiple login option. But, equally library portal scheme grip authentication they tin trim down the barrier of users having to recollect multiple login.
c) Personalization: This is the historic catamenia of personalization where everybody experience the demand to locomote unique, whether it is the representative amongst his/her clothes designed equally unmarried slice inward the globe past times professional person designer or a search engine that volition exclusively search the resources that is relevant to his / her personal need. Library portal serves this demand past times giving the provision of extensive customization facilities to the user. It assists users inward selecting a exceptional type of resources for searching. According to Lakos together with Gray (2000) “customisable together with personalized library portals tend to locomote client focused, responding to client needs, together with empowering users to create personal information systems that are responsive to their private needs”. Customization together with personalization way the powerfulness of the portal to deliver content based on the user create profile together with to allow the user to alter his/her profile. The portal provides the library patrons amongst the facilities of personalized access to information together with determine their ain path which resources to take for search together with which to avoid. They tin also salve searches, store their favourite databases for quick access together with reuse. “Some users powerfulness prefer to trammel searches to content where total text is available locally” (Cox, 2003, p. 39). Generally users select item for displaying from an initial laid upwards cover that comes after foremost registration amongst the portal. Users tin afterward accommodate the personalization farther past times editing the already laid upwards screen. Each together with every user tin add together together with delete categories, add together to a greater extent than databases together with spider web server without disrupting the portal service, search together with assemble information together with add together content to the cognition base of operations which volition locomote visible to the user’s community. Moreover, the user tin create novel relationships regarding available information to administer a exceptional persuasion on roughly dependent within the cognition base. The portal volition also provide the user to have news, honour together with speak to i another, build a community together with finds links to other spider web resources of mutual interest.
d) Metasearching Tools: A metasearch engine or aggregator is a search tool that uses roughly other search engine’s information to make its ain results. The Metasearching tool assist inward the regain procedure together with eliminate the demand to search different databases individually. Library portal “provide federated searching together with information retrieval of descriptive metadata from multiple, various target resources, including but non express to commercial or licensed electronic resources, databases, Web pages, together with library catalogs” (The Library of Congress, 2005).
e) Browsable Interfaces: The pre-clustered resources tin also locomote browsed past times subject, championship together with so on.
f) Link to the Full Text: The libraries which tin afford the base of operations cost of the portal products, the render on investment is justified past times maximized usage of key character electronic library resources (Ramsden, 2003, p.17) equally the retrieved results lists are link to full-text or other content delivery options that powerfulness locomote of involvement to the user.
g) Inter-Library Loan: Library portal provide facility for interlibrary loan (ILL) or document delivery, for stuff the library does non own.
h) Citation Management System: The library portal may also provide the facilities to care the citation.
i) Virtual Presence: Libraries take ever functioned equally physical portals to physical information. But, day-by-day users take locomote to a greater extent than aware of the importance of virtual presence of the library, users calculator literacy also locomote significantly increment which forces the libraries to give focus “on their virtual online portal presence fifty-fifty equally they maintain physical environments together with operations” (White, 2002, p.224). The library portal back upwards the nurture organisation to digitize its ain collection, host it for local equally good equally remote searches i.e. searching through the local library portal equally good equally searching through other library portal.
j) Dynamic Library: “On the i hand, libraries should aspect to the futurity together with brand utilization of the latest information technologies inward club to render people amongst the latest information. On the other hand, it is their task to save the treasures of scientific discipline together with civilisation accumulated inward the past times together with to brand them accessible to futurity generations, so that they tin build upon these “Geistesschatze” of the past” (IFLA Express, 2003). In the portal surroundings the user tin salve (download, printing, Emailing) together with export search results.
k) Interactive: “More together with to a greater extent than universities together with colleges invest inward distance learning programs, traditional face-to-face instruction is beingness supplemented or superseded past times several browser-based together with e-mail-related interactions” (White, 2002, p. 225) that inward plough deserve that the services of the libraries should also locomote accessible through distance mode.
l) Save the Time of the User: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 portal provides access to a broad gain of heterogeneous resources that do non portion a mutual Meta information touchstone or search together with retrieval techniques, thus saving the fourth dimension of the user that otherwise demand to pass to displace from i resources to another.
m) Removed Duplicate Result inward the Retrieve List: In many library portals amidst the retrieve results the duplicate entries are removed past times matching on numeric indicators such equally ISSN or ISBN.
n) Explores the Deep Web: The search capability of library portal deals amongst the deep web, past times drilling downwards into database content that the touchstone spider web search engine unable to reach.
o) Resource Discovery: Library portal helps user inward identifying relevant character based resources inward a dependent area. Uses of Open URL protocol inward library portal automatically makes connectedness betwixt the retrieve listing of results together with the total text of the resources if it is subscribed past times the establishment concerned.
p) Enhanced the Content of Bibliographic Record: The content of bibliographic tape tin locomote enhanced past times including a tabular array of content, abstract, embrace picture of the article, or amongst a link to other resources so that, the users of the library catalogue tin locomote guided to encyclopedia or approved spider web resources of the portal.
q) Generation of Statistic: With the introduction of portal the user details could locomote recorded when they log into the system, it also enables the library to assemble statistics on the utilization of electronic resources.
r) 24 Hour Access: Library portal provides virtual access to the library that way the collection together with services of the library would locomote available 24 hours a 24-hour interval together with for vii days a week.
s) Controlling the User: Portal helps inward managing access to target resources together with portal functionalities for authenticated user communities based on various user classes together with roles. Users are shown exclusively the resources that the authorisation rules laid past times the library permit them to see. Library portal “increases the powerfulness of the library to ensure that costly electronic journals together with databases are used” (Cox, 2003, p. 38).
t) Maximize the Use of Print Holding: In searching over the library portal, inward reply to a exceptional query, the scheme volition retrieve a listing of resources which also include resources from the library’s impress holding, these are the resources which are non available inward electronic format, so the user automatically jump to human face upwards their paw towards the paperback volumes.
u) Distance Access: With the introduction of portal whatever user tin access the total text subscribed mag together with database of the library collection from whatever geographical location past times merely login to the system.
6. Problem inward Developing Portal: The problems inward developing library portal tin locomote grouped into the followings-
a) Low Portal Literacy: The concept of library portal that appear inward the belatedly 1990s is non pop yet. “By the terminate of 2002, 5 years after appearance of the foremost library spider web portals, in that location were exclusively most a dozen library spider web portals inward functioning inward the US” (Zhou, 2003). In a give-and-take of library portals at the 2002 American Library Association Midwinter Conference, the highest recommended portal adoption charge per unit of measurement was 10 per cent (Crawford, 2002). According to Pienaar (2003), the limitations inward user literacy is the impediment to the portal channel development.
b) Difficulty inward Studying Portal inward Work: Studying the portal inward piece of work is a hard task equally access to the most of the library portal inward functioning is password protected. The portal those provide invitee logins, the contents that tin locomote viewed past times guests was typically much less than the content available to the password members. This is roughly other impediment inward portal development.
c) Cost: Portal cost much inward damage of software, staff resources together with training. So, many libraries prefer to utilization their fund inward procuring resources than to pass it inward providing access machinery to those resources.
d) Lack of Regional Language Setting: Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 bulk of the portal production exclusively supports English linguistic communication language, if i wants to add together other regional linguistic communication features, so the costly production i time again volition locomote to a greater extent than costly.
e) Lack of Open Source Library Portal Software: By considering the cost component of the portal production the library are jump to aspect for production that are release nether GNU world license equally opened upwards source code so that it tin locomote customized to the local demand past times avoiding its high cost together with tin locomote obtained freely past times way of downloading from the web. But, evolution inward this administration is also slow.
f) Increase Rate of Downloads: “If fourth dimension is express so is money: futurity full–text downloading may also locomote express past times pay-for-use charging mechanisms. This would brand whatever anticipated increment inward full-text downloading an unlikely stair out of portal effectiveness”. (Joint, 2005, p. 340).
g) Too Much Information: Boss (2002) considers that i of the drawbacks of portals is that they tin convey likewise much information to the users together with equally a outcome they may locomote lost inward the body of body of water of information.
7. Portal Vendors together with their Portal Products: There are different portal vendors that release a broad spectrum of portal products amongst different functionalities. The Library of Congress Portals Applications Issues Group (2003) lists a few portal vendor together with their products. According to the study of Cox together with Yeates (2003) together with the online newsletter, Biblio Tech Reviews the best sources of information on the production of library portal comes from the suppliers ain spider web sites. In mid 2002 Ex Libris together with Fretwell-Downing Informatics (FDi) were the marketplace leader amidst the library portal software. However, a leading academic establishment portal framework is uPortal past times JA-SIG (presently Apero). Some of the pop Portal Vendors together with their Portal Products are listed below.
a) Jetspeed: Jetspeed is a platform for launching Portal which is written inward Java together with XML together with based on opened upwards standards. It is released nether the Apache license. The user tin access the portal via a spider web browser, WAP-phone, pager or whatever other device supported past times the servlet engine. The latest version of Jetspeed is 2.3.1, released May 9, 2016.
b) IBM WebSphere Portal: IBM WebSphere Portal was initially release inward 2001, the latest version 9.0 was released inward Dec 2016. It is enterprise software used to build together with care spider web portals. It provides access to spider web content together with applications, spell delivering personalized experiences for users.
c) Millennium Access Plus (MAP): Millennium Access Plus (MAP) is a method for organizations to care access to information resources, providing patrons together with staff amongst quick access to Internet content spell protecting the rights of library together with content providers.
d) uPortal: uPortal is a Java-based framework for creating enterprise spider web portals. It is sponsored past times Apereo [formerly Java Architectures Special Interest Group (JA-SIG)], a consortium of educational institutions together with commercial affiliates sponsoring opened upwards source software projects focused on higher education. uPortal is costless together with opened upwards source software nether the Apache License 2.0 together with available on the Apereo spider web site. Kumamoto University (http://uportal.kumamoto-u.ac.jp), Université Paris 8 (https://e-p8.univ-paris8.fr), Southwestern University (https://my.southwestern.edu) are using uPortal.
e) Jahia: Jahia is a Web Content Management System (WCM) amongst a user interface built using Google Web Toolkit together with stores its content using the JCR API default implementation Apache Jackrabbit (an opened upwards source content repository).
f) JBoss Enterprise Portal Platform (JBoss EPP): JBoss Portal provides an opened upwards source platform for hosting together with serving a portal’s Web interface, publishing together with managing its content, together with customizing its experience. The JBoss 2.7.2 was released inward March, 2009.
g) GateIn: The GateIn projection is a merger of JBoss Portal 2.7 together with eXo Portal 2.5 that produced GateIn Portal 3.0, together with also the related projects GateIn Portlet Container, eXo JCR, together with JBoss Portlet Bridge.
h) Liferay Portal: Liferay Portal was created inward 2000 past times main software architect Brian Chan to provide an enterprise portal solution for non-profit organizations.
i) Metadot Portal Server: Metadot is an opened upwards source portal together with content administration software used to create websites, intranets, extranets, projection together with squad spaces anyone tin use. It is available for costless nether the GNU General Public License (GPL). It provides collaboration, content administration equally good equally My News Page (like My Yahoo) together with online database applications.
j) SharePoint: SharePoint is a web-based collaborative platform that integrates amongst Microsoft Office. Launched inward 2001, SharePoint is primarily sold equally a document administration together with storage system, but the production is highly configurable together with usage varies substantially amidst organizations.
k) Oracle Portal 11g: Oracle Portal 11g offers a consummate together with integrated framework for building, deploying, together with managing enterprise portals running on Oracle WebLogic Server. Oracle WebCenter Services provides horizontal enterprise-ready Web 2.0 services that enable a collaborative together with composite surroundings together with enrich the end-user experience amongst context-aware enterprise portals.
l) Oracle WebCenter Suite: Oracle WebCenter is Oracle’s portfolio of user engagement software products built on top of the JSF-based Oracle Application Development Framework. It connects people, processes, together with information amongst the most consummate portfolio of portal, content management, Web experience administration together with collaboration technologies.
m) SAP NetWeaver Portal: SAP NetWeaver Portal is i of the edifice blocks inward the SAP NetWeaver architecture. With a Web Browser, users tin start out piece of work i time they take been authenticated inward the portal which offers a unmarried indicate of access to information, enterprise applications, together with services both within together with exterior an organization. The portal provides access to concern processes together with information, social collaboration together with content administration across various consumption channels.
n) SirsiDynix® Horizon™ 7.5 together with Horizon Information Portal™ 3.20: SirsiDynix® Horizon™ 7.5 together with Horizon Information Portal™ (HIP) 3.20 software release supports crucial database upgrades together with infrastructure improvements to both Horizon together with HIP.
o) OpenText TeamSite: OpenText TeamSite is an enterprise spider web content administration scheme developed past times Interwoven. At present, it is owned, maintained, marketed past times OpenText.
| Name of the Vendor | Vendor Website | Name of Portal Product | Type of License |
| Apache Software Foundation | http://portals.apache.org | Jetspeed-2 | Apache License |
| https://www.apereo.org/projects/uportal | uPortal | Apache License v2.0 | |
| IBM | https://www.ibm.com/in-en/marketplace/ibm-digital-experience | WebSphere Portal | Proprietary |
| Innovative Interfaces Inc. | https://csdirect.iii.com/manual_2009b/gmmap_map.html | Millennium Access Plus (MAP) | Not Available |
| https://www.jahia.com | GNU General Public License | ||
| JBoss | http://jbossportal.jboss.org | JBoss Enterprise Portal Platform (JBoss EPP) | GNU Lesser General Public License |
| JBoss | http://gatein.jboss.org/ | GateIn | Not Available |
| Liferay | https://www.liferay.com/solutions/partner-portals | GNU Lesser General Public License together with Proprietary Licenses | |
| Metadot | http://cms.metadot.com | Metadot Portal Server | GNU General Public License |
| Microsoft | https://products.office.com/en-in/sharepoint | SharePoint | Commercial |
| OpenText Corp. | https://www.opentext.com/products-and-solutions/products/customer-experience-management/web-content-management/opentext-teamsite | OpenText TeamSite | Commercial |
| Oracle | https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/portal/overview/index.html | Oracle Portal 11g | Commercial |
| Oracle | https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/middleware/webcenter | Commercial | |
| SAP SE | https://www.sap.com/products/enterprise-portals.html | SAP NetWeaver Portal | Commercial |
| SIRSI Corporation | http://www.sirsidynix.com/press/horizon-7-5-and-horizon-information-portal-3-20-released | SirsiDynix® Horizon™ 7.5 together with Horizon Information Portal™ 3.20 | Commercial |
Table 1: Different Vendors together with their Portal Products
8. Criteria inward Selecting Library Portal Product: “The foremost libraries using the systems seem really excited past times the enthusiasm amongst which they take been greeted past times users” (Cox, 2003, p. 41) but, equally the evolution of portal is soundless novel so earlier introducing a portal its demand to locomote evaluated. “There are a number of portal products together with solutions inward the library marketplace, many of which take been developed past times Library Management System (LMS) suppliers” (Ramsden, 2003, p. 17). However, “there remain roughly issues amongst suppliers’ compliance or implementations of Z39.50 together with the OpenURL” (Cox, 2003, p. 39) that determine the critical indicate inward evaluating the value of the portal. Again, for the evolution of library portal each together with every vendor of software endeavour to develop its ain unique method of categorizing, searching, presenting, securing together with updating the software. Sullivan (2001) has recommended 5 principles which tin define efficient display together with access policies to electronic information. They are (a) locomote able to care unstructured information through the utilization of metadata rather than via the original content; (b) locomote able to provide access to content through user-specific presentations; (c) locomote able to command access to electronic content through the creation of administrative together with world “areas”; (d) locomote able to back upwards improved together with varied searching techniques; together with (e) locomote able to provide updated together with electrical flow electronic content inward a timely fashion.
The criteria for selecting the portal products tin locomote outlined equally follows.
a) Compliances amongst Existing Standard: The portal production must compatible to the search together with retrieval standards, including Z39.50 together with Z39.50-International: Next Generation (ZING), the Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH), together with OpenURL. It may build on opened upwards touchstone similar Java together with Extensible Markup Language (XML).
b) AuthCate: The portal must take the facility to log user to the system. Some variety of authentication software (such equally Web Access Management (WAM) provided equally component of MAP) is a indicate to locomote considered inward selecting whatever portal product. The user must access the resources without farther login to the subscribed mag together with database. That is the subscriber mag or database must automatically authenticate whatever user whose referring URL is the portal server.
c) OpenURL Protocol: After the search is consummate the portal software must utilization the NISO OpenURL touchstone protocol to send the user from the search outcome listing or bibliographic database to subscribed total text of the mag article, if it is available. If the total text is non available it must automatically link to the inter library loan request.
d) Single Interface: Portal must take the facility to deed equally a unmarried indicate of access, cross reference searching tool regardless of search protocol i.e. Z39.50, http, ODBC, SQL together with metadata i.e. MARC, DC or merely the database suppliers information structure.
e) Browsable Categories: The portal must take the facilities to nowadays all information resources added to the portal into roughly browsable categories past times dependent or dependent name, library classification or alphabetical listing.
f) Standardize Display: To gives portal credibility to the eyes of the user, inward searching library catalogue, opened upwards access resources, subscribed mag together with database, the portal must returned identical result.
g) Individual Profiles: The scheme should nowadays a laid of resources based on the user profile, it must take the facility to pushing the most relevant resources to the user. However, the user must non to locomote intended to the express resources chosen for them past times the library professional. All users must given access to all resources so that they tin pursue query on whatever topic. The scheme must take the facilities to create profile for a grouping of people having mutual involvement together with must also take the facilities to allow the user to modify their private profile past times adding their ain favorite resources. In addition, the portal must also enable user to store searches together with sign upwards for warning to novel resources to the portal.
h) Resource Linking: Resource linking allows the library to link betwixt the index together with abstract of a database amongst its total text link. Such linking volition provide the user to honour same information past times next multiple paths together with the reach for it must locomote provided past times the portal software.
i) Powerful Search Engine: The portal should take a powerful search engine. Interoperation amongst other gateways together with systems, such equally institutional portals, or virtual learning environments to provide search together with linking to library organized resources from within a subdivision or course of instruction spider web site, supporting the novel protocols such equally Open Achieve Initiative (OAI), metadata harvesting, etc tin locomote treated equally primary need.
j) Present Status is Important than Future Prospect: Many portal products bears promising future, but inward choosing the library portal, the library should take in what is the nowadays condition of the product.
k) Generation of Different Statistic: The portal software should generate statistics equally who has used which database, plough ways, downloads? Etc.
l) Speed: The portal must enable the libraries to laid upwards their portal rapidly, taking wages of the fundamental cognition base. The library portal must retrieve whatever number of target resources without requiring prior programming for each target resources.
m) Flexibility: The portal must take a broad gain of customization facilities. Individual libraries must add together their context together with administrative requirement to it. The portal must piece of work efficiently inward the surroundings where touchstone are lacking but at the same fourth dimension also acquit promising facility to deal upwards amongst the promising semantic web.
n) Easy Managing: The virtual collections that are created inward the administrative interface must provide drag together with drib or roughly other piece of cake way of managing.
o) Price: Many portal products are real much expensive together with since cost is a dominating component inward choice so it must rigorously determine “whether important coin is meliorate spent on resources than on making them a flake easier to use” (Cox, 2003, p. 40). Each together with every library scheme demands roughly sort of customization of the original library portal software. The cost of library portal scheme depends upon such customization factor. It depends upon the number of expected staff, number of simultaneous user, total collection of the library, together with so on. “The cost of the systems is high, though in that location is cracking reach for negotiation together with discounting, especially equally these are soundless fairly immature products together with suppliers are prepared to offering favourable damage to pioneering clients” (Ramsden, 2003, p. 24).
p) Open Source: If possible, the library should select portal which are released nether GNU Public license, Apache License or similar license. It volition provide several do goodness to the library- firstly the portal software volition locomote free, the operating scheme to run such software volition also locomote costless without a demand to buy licenses. If i experience the demand to locomote for portal software so his/her priority should locomote to locomote for opened upwards source portal softwares for mutual do goodness equally after implementation, the implementing agency may do code enhancements that if i time again shared powerfulness do goodness all participating institutions.
The portal engines must also take the facilities to create personalized content, enable a portal user to take in a visual representation of the human relationship existing betwixt the results of their content queries, shape online communities, dependent channel, maintain search history, together with create private profile of each user together with so on.
9. Steps inward Introducing a Portal: The selected portal production may locomote through the next steps for its implementation inward the libraries.
a) Trialing of Portal: After selecting whatever portal production the library foremost demand to asking proposal from the portal vendor for a proper presentation together with demonstration so only, the library should sign the contract amongst the vendor for a trial. If lawsuit runs successful so extension to its total implementation should locomote considered. The lawsuit must allow for the library to withdraw from the contract if it does non encounter the requirement.
b) Customizing the Existing Portal to Meet the Local Need: “When deploying an already developed system, the bulk of the hard piece of work has already been done” (Rozic-Hristovski, Humar & Hristovski, 2003, p. 149). However, the library should aspect to the professional person paw to farther customization of the production to encounter the local need.
c) Identification together with Selection of Resources: Selecting the resources that demand to locomote personalized to encounter the needs of library patron together with which volition remain static i.e. constant for all category of user is the foremost indicate of consideration after customization of the portal product. The static information volition includes opening hours of the library, staff information, circulation policy, library rule, together with accuse for different types of services, etc. In elementary the information that are non of involvement to all users require the personalization.
d) Contents Identification of Library Portal: Many library portals provide alphabetical listing of the resources past times site name. They are often enriched past times a search engine which also acts equally a tool for resources discovery. According to Karvounarakis, Christophides & Plexousakis (2001) inward club for a spider web portal to locomote successful “it must locomote a starting house for locating interesting content. Typically this content is submitted past times members of the community, who often index it nether roughly subtopic, roughly other way of collecting content relies on the content providers tagging the content amongst information that tin locomote used inward syndicating it”. The tagging involves the creation of elementary tags that position the topic of the content. The default outcome should also locomote defined clearly that volition render when a search term inward the portal volition make zero results.
e) Presentation of Information over the Portal: Many libraries organize their in-house collection searchable past times maintaining a database of all e-resources. These collections tin locomote search together with browse according to championship together with keyword. The subscribed e-journal together with e-databases collections should take the provision of browsing according to dependent or keyword specific pages. Another choice is to create alphabetical listing according to mag hollo or publisher.
f) Publicizing the Introduction of Library Portal: As presently equally library portal is introduced it must locomote advertise to the faculties, query scholar, staff together with most primarily the library patron through Email. They must also demand to locomote invited for a hands-on sessions. If experience needed the user must provide preparation regarding how to utilization the library portal to a greater extent than effectively.
g) Marketing: By introducing library portal the library tin think to extend their services to all alumni of the institution, together with tin accuse them amongst the recurring cost of the portal. This volition locomote proficient marketing place, if think seriously.
h) Maintenance: The faculty members / programme coordinator / course of instruction coordinator / teacher should regularly search for resources inward the library portal together with so glue them into a course of instruction website, this volition implies that the resources demand non to locomote download together with salve it locally, the user those take the access to the portal volition automatically acquire the resources together with those that do non take the access cannot locomote able to access the resource. The other indicate to locomote considered inward maintenance is the introduction of the concept of Feedback from the user of the portal. In club to acquire feedback, each page of the portal should contain links to feedback shape including the abode page. Another indicate to consider is the keeping rail of mag asset regularly.
10. Conclusion: These are the days to develop dependent based scheme that encounter the demand of dependent based resources rather than multidisciplinary cross searching tool, such equally Google. So, considering this inward the coming days it is hoped that each together with every library would brand a vision of using the library portal equally a gateways to the libraries services, online assist together with so on. It is i time again promise that it volition supervene upon the static library spider web site together with dominant amidst the 21st century technologies that demand to locomote considered past times the libraries.
Portal provides the solution to many problems the libraries are facing amongst the proliferation of the electronic resources. The increasing technical together with calculator literacy of the users are also forcing the libraries to locomote for the costly portal presence. One of the main forces behind introduction of library portal is the existent fourth dimension back upwards to the user. That is the creation of surroundings where the library user tin access to the library resources together with services when they demand it, at whatever indicate of fourth dimension together with from whatever location. Introduction of portal inward libraries actually volition arrive a virtual one.Buat lebih berguna, kongsi:
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