1. Introduction: In 1770, John Andrews established a circulating library at Fort William, Calcutta. Later on it was converted into a world library. H5N1 few world libraries started appearing sporadically hither in addition to at that topographic point during the same catamenia inwards this country. The notable with them are Asha Granthalaya, Waltair (1800), Calcutta Literary Society’s Library (1818), United Services Library, Poona (1818), Raghunandan Library, Puri (1821), Bombay General Library (1830), etc.
2. National Library of India: Calcutta Public Library was established inwards 1835. It was meant to serve the needs of all ranks in addition to classes without distinction. It was opened on 21 March 1836 for the public. The in addition to hence Governor General, Lord Metcalf transferred 4,675 volumes from the library of the College of Fort William to the Calcutta Public Library.
The Imperial Library was founded inwards 1891 past times combining a number of Secretariat libraries. Lord Curzon, Viceroy in addition to Governor General of Bharat inwards the early on years of the twentieth century, is unremarkably credited with the thought of opening a library inwards Kolkata for world use. He found that the Imperial Library in addition to Calcutta Public Library were non existence used every bit expected because of express access in addition to lack of amenities. He decided to merge the collection of Calcutta Public Library with that of the Imperial Library, plain of study to for certain terms. Lord Curzon bought the rights of the Library from the proprietors in addition to after merged it with the Official Imperial Library consisting of regime departmental libraries of the East Bharat Company. The novel library, called Imperial Library, was formally opened to the world on 30 Jan 1903 at Metcalf Hall, Kolkata. John Macfarlane, Assistant Librarian of the British Museum, London, was appointed every bit the starting fourth dimension Librarian of the Imperial Library. Later on, Khan Bahadur M.A. Asadulla was appointed librarian in addition to he continued inwards business office till July 1947.
In 1948, i twelvemonth after the independence of India, Imperial Library of Calcutta (Kolkata) was transformed into National Library (of India) through the “Imperial Library Act” (change of name) 1948 in addition to was transferred from the Esplanade to the Viceroy’s Palace inwards Calcutta, namely, the Belvedere Palace. On 1 Feb 1953, the National Library was opened to the public, inaugurated past times Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. B. S. Kesavan was appointed every bit the starting fourth dimension Librarian of the National Library. The Library is nether the Department of Culture, Ministry of Tourism & Culture, Government of India. Till 2019, Shri Shravan Kumar is the Director General (head of the institution) in addition to Dr. K. K. Kochukoshy is the Officer on Special Duty of the National Library.
3. Central Reference Library: The Central Reference Library (CRL) is a subordinate business office of the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. This establishment has been curved out of the National Library inwards club to compile the Indian National Bibliography (INB) after the promulgation of the Delivery of Books Act, 1954. After 1970, it began to business office nether an independent Librarian cum General Editor instead of previous custom of Librarian of National Library working every bit General Editor of INB. Now-a-days, CRL functions every bit a dissever subordinate business office of the Ministry of Culture, Govt. of Bharat with its ain independent lay of a Librarian. CRL publishes the Indian National Bibliography in addition to Index Indiana. Till 2019, Dr. K. K. Kochukoshy is the Librarian cum General Editor of CRL in addition to Shri Pradip Kumar Upadhaya is the Head of Office. The aims in addition to objectives of Central Reference Library is (i) Compilation in addition to sale of the Indian National Bibliography which is an authoritative tape for books published inwards the xiv Indian Languages in addition to English linguistic communication inwards Roman script in addition to inwards respective languages in addition to (ii) Compilation in addition to sale of Index Indiana (in Roman Script) an index to selected articles appearing inwards electrical flow Indian linguistic communication periodicals.
4. Connemera Public Library: In 1860, a modest library was established past times Jean Mitchel in Madras as a component of the Museum. This library which is known every bit Connemera Public Library, Madras (Chennai) was opened to the world inwards December, 1896. This library tin give notice endure claimed to endure the starting fourth dimension truthful world library, in addition to solely a nominal refundable deposit was required. The Connemara Public Library inwards Madras became the State Central Library inwards 1950 nether the provision of Madras Public Libraries Act 1948, in addition to became i of the 3 depository libraries inwards 1955.
5. Delhi Public Library: In 1951 the Delhi Public Library was established past times the Ministry of Education, Government of Bharat inwards collaboration with UNESCO. Now it is existence managed past times Delhi Library Board. It has a Central Library, a zonal library at Sarojini Nagar, in addition to 3 branches at Patel Nagar, Karol Bagh in addition to Shahdara in addition to sub-branches in addition to community libraries at unlike places inwards the National Capital Region of Delhi. Delhi Public Library is performance every bit depository libraries.
6. Asiatic Society of Bombay: Asiatic Society Library, Bombay (now Mumbai) was established inwards 1804. The renamed every bit the Asiatic Society of Bombay was done inwards 2002. It is funded past times an annual grant from the Central Government of Bharat in addition to shape a depository library. The library is housed inwards the Town Hall (colloquially Called “Tondal” inwards the 19th century).
7. Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library, Patna: In 1876, Khuda Baksh Oriental Public Library (Patna) was established. Maulvi Muhammod Baksh Khan, on his croak left a collection of 1500 manuscripts. It formed the nucleus of the library. In 1891, the library was opened to the public. The Govt. of Bharat declared the Library every bit Institution of National Importance past times an deed of Parliament inwards 1969 which is at i time fully funded past times the Ministry of Culture (Govt. of India).
8. Rampur Raza Library, Rampur: Rampur Raza Library, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh was founded past times Nawab Faizullah Khan inwards 1774 AD. The Government of Bharat took over the library on 1st July 1975 nether the Act of Parliament, which declared it every bit an establishment of National importance. Now the Library occupies the lay of an autonomous establishment of national importance nether Department of Culture, Government of Bharat in addition to is fully funded past times Central Government.
9. Thanjavur Maharaja Serfoji's Sarasvati Mahal Library, Thanjavur: The Thanjavur Maharaja Serfoji's Sarasvati Mahal Library houses a rich in addition to rare collection of manuscripts on art, civilization in addition to literature. Conceived in addition to christened every bit the Royal Palace Library past times the Nayak Kings of Thanjavur (1535-1675 AD). In 1918 this Library was made every bit a world Library. In 1983, the Library was declared every bit an Institution of National Importance. H5N1 trunk constituted past times the Government in addition to financed past times the Central in addition to State Governments at i time administers the library located at Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu.
10. Contribution of Maharaja Sayaji Rao Gaekwad III towards Public Libraries: The evolution of world libraries every bit a motion may endure said to remove keep started past times Maharaja Sayaji Rao Gaekwad III, the ruler of Baroda state inwards 1906. H5N1 detailed conception to opened upward Circulating Libraries inwards the State was approved inwards March, 1907 nether his guidance. He established a dissever Library Department with Mr. William Allenson Borden - an American librarian every bit the starting fourth dimension total fourth dimension Director of State Libraries. The adjacent measurement was to institute a Central Library at Baroda with a nucleus collection of 88,764 volumes which included the Maharaja’s person collection of almost 20,000 books. H5N1 total fourth dimension Curator of Libraries with staff describe of only about l was appointed to larn by it. He also launched publication of a quarterly mag called Library Miscellany inwards English, Gujarati in addition to Marāthi with Shri J. S. Kodalkar every bit its starting fourth dimension editor, started Library Associations from Taluk level, organized ‘Mitra Mandal’ (friendly groups inwards the libraries) inwards the town in addition to hamlet libraries in addition to organized regular library conferences. The contribution made past times Maharaja Sayajirao III would endure written inwards golden letters inwards the history of world library motion in India.
11. Contribution of S. R. Ranganathan towards Public Libraries: The contribution of S. R. Ranganathan is unique in addition to remarkable. He is regarded every bit the begetter of Indian library movement. The thought of an integrated library scheme was starting fourth dimension introduced past times him at the starting fourth dimension “All Asia Educational Conference” held at Benerai inwards Andhra Pradesh inwards 1930. There he presented a model library deed that shape the Earth of the Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh in addition to Karnataka library legislation in addition to every bit a whole the subsequent library legislation inwards India.
12. Contribution of Other People towards Public Libraries: The library motion in Baroda originated every bit the peoples motion nether the leadership of Motibhai Amin (a world leader) inwards the shape of Mitra Mandal (Society of Friends) every bit early on every bit 1906 which received province patronage inwards 1960. Newton Mohan Dutta, curator of libraries at Baroda also did expert work. There has been a number of pioneers who made contribution to the library motion inwards Andhra Pradesh. Out of them, Sir Iyyanki Venkata Ramanayya holds a house of pride. From Bengal we remove keep the cite of Monindra Dev Rai Mahashaya. Master Motilal (1876-1949), past times his ain endeavour in addition to meager resources established Shri Sanmati Pustakalaya (a world library) inwards Jaipur inwards 1920. From Punjab nosotros had Sant Ram Bhatia, who played an of import role inwards promoting the motion of world libraries in Punjab. In Assam, the library motion at its truthful spirit was led past times Late Kumudeshar Barthakur (1893-8th November 1966), a retired Secondary School instructor nether the build cite of Assam Library Association.
13. Role of UNESCO: Bharat became a fellow member of United Nations Educational, Scientific in addition to Cultural Organization (UNESCO) on 4 Nov 1946. UNESCO for the starting fourth dimension time started the starting fourth dimension airplane pilot projection inwards library inwards Bharat past times establishing the Delhi Public Library inwards Oct 1951. This after on developed into Delhi Public Library. The chief aim of this projection was to supply data on the occupation of world library service for the parts of Bharat inwards especial in addition to for Asia inwards general. UNESCO also brought out a publication namely “Public Library Manifesto” 1949. 1972 was proclaimed past times UNESCO every bit the International Book Year (IBY). As a contribution to the International Book Year inwards 1972 UNESCO requested the Section of Public Libraries within IFLA to revise the Manifesto on Public Libraries issued inwards 1949. H5N1 revised Manifesto, reflecting changes inwards the world library province of affairs inwards the terminal 20 years, was accepted past times UNESCO inwards Jan 1972. It was published inwards the June 1972 number of the UNESCO Bulletin for Libraries. Since 1972 when the UNESCO Public Library Manifesto was issued radical changes remove keep taken house within the world library every bit good every bit outside. The considered sentiment of the Standing Committee of Public Libraries is that a revision of this of import document inwards club to reverberate changes which remove keep occurred since publication should endure undertaken in addition to every bit a lawsuit a novel revised version is proposed to UNESCO inwards 1994.
14. Role of Raja Rammohun Roy Library (RRRLF): In 1972, Raja Rammohun Roy Library Foundation (RRRLF) was established. RRRLF is registered nether the West Bengal Societies Registration Act, 1961. It is the nodal means of Government of Bharat to back upward world library services in addition to systems in addition to promote world library motion inwards the country. Its headquarters is located at Kolkata. RRRLF functions every bit a promotional agency, an advisory in addition to consultancy organization, a funding trunk for world library evolution inwards India.
15. Role Delivery of Books “and Newspapers” (Public Libraries) Act, 1956: In 1954 Indian parliament passed Delivery of Books in addition to Newspaper Act which was farther amended every bit the Delivery of Books “and Newspapers” (Public Libraries) Amendment Act 1956 to include serials every bit well. The Delivery of Books (Public Libraries) Act, 1954 extends to the whole of India except the province of Jammu in addition to Kashmir. According to this Act, the publisher of every book, paper or series must deliver at his ain expense a re-create of the majority within xxx days from the appointment of its publication to the National Library at Calcutta
16. Role of National Knowledge Commission (NKC): National Knowledge Commission (NKC) was fix inwards the twelvemonth 2005 with Sam Pitroda every bit Chairman. The NKC submitted its written report inwards the twelvemonth 2007. The championship document of National Knowledge Commission on Libraries’ is “Libraries: Gateways to Knowledge, H5N1 Roadmap for Revitalization”. Many of the recommendations of the NKC are already inwards the implementation phase past times unlike ministries of the Government. This includes areas such every bit Libraries, e-governance in addition to translation.
17. Role of National Mission on Libraries (NML): National Mission on Libraries has been fix past times Ministry of Culture, Government of Bharat on 4th May, 2012 inwards pursuance of National Knowledge Commission recommendations for sustained attending for evolution of Libraries in addition to Information Science Sector. Under NML Model Libraries, it planned to prepare vi Libraries nether Ministry of Culture, 35 State Central Libraries in addition to 35 District Libraries with especial emphasis on economically backward districts, every bit model Libraries. In addition, 629 district libraries across the states would endure provided network connectivity.
18. Role of Library Legislation: In club to accomplish the minute police describe of Library Science it is desirable that economic scheme constituent should non stand upward every bit a barrier. This volition endure possible through library legislation, which volition supply for finance of world libraries at diverse levels to accomplish gratis library services for all. In India, twenty i states remove keep hence far enacted library legislation in addition to the balance are providing library services without legislation.
19. Conclusion: In 1808 the Bombay Government initiated a proposal to register libraries, which were to endure given copies of books published from the ‘Funds for the Encouragement of Literature’. This is the first meaning twelvemonth inwards the evolution of world libraries inwards India. The contribution of Maharaja Sayaji Rao Gaekwad III in addition to S. R. Ranganathan for the world libraries volition endure e'er remembered. The Delivery of Books in addition to Newspaper Act also play a major role for the collection edifice inwards the 4 world libraries including the National Library of India. The Central Government through RRRLF providing unlike grant in addition to assistance to the world libraries. The states that remove keep the Public Library legislation is expected to promote the world libraries past times supporting it from the dorsum end.
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